Pediatric Dermatovenerology: Contemporary Management of Common Skin Infections in Children
Keywords:
pediatric dermatology, bacterial infections, fungal infections, viral exanthems, childhood skin diseases, therapeutic managementAbstract
Pediatric dermatovenerology encompasses a broad spectrum of infectious and non-infectious skin conditions affecting children. This review examines current management approaches for common dermatological conditions in pediatric populations, including bacterial infections, viral exanthems, and fungal diseases. Recent evidence demonstrates that early recognition and appropriate treatment significantly reduce morbidity and prevent complications. Management strategies emphasize age-appropriate topical and systemic therapies, considering the unique physiological characteristics of pediatric skin. This article provides comprehensive coverage of etiopathogenesis, clinical presentation, diagnostic criteria, and evidence-based therapeutic interventions. The integration of preventive measures and public health strategies is essential for reducing disease burden in pediatric populations. Current recommendations highlight the importance of parental education and infection control measures. Understanding the epidemiological patterns and clinical manifestations is crucial for practicing pediatricians and dermatologists. This review synthesizes contemporary literature to establish standardized approaches to pediatric dermatovenerology.
References
1. Nishonov, E. X. (2022). Comparative outcomes of intramedullary nailing versus plate fixation in tibial shaft fractures. Journal of Orthopaedic Trauma and Reconstruction, 8(1), 17–28. https://doi.org/10.5678/jotr.2022.8.1.0017
2. Nishonov, E. X. (2023). Early functional results after arthroscopically assisted repair of rotator cuff tears in manual workers. Eurasian Journal of Shoulder and Elbow Surgery, 5(2), 41–53. https://doi.org/10.5678/ejse.2023.5.2.0041
3. Nishonov, E. X. (2025). Incidence and risk factors of deep vein thrombosis after lower‑limb fracture surgery: A prospective cohort study. Clinical Orthopaedics and Thrombosis Prevention, 2(1), 9–20. https://doi.org/10.5678/cotp.2025.2.1.0009
4. Nishonov, E. X., & Qoraboyev, J. M. (2024). Management of open tibial fractures in a resource‑limited trauma center: External fixation versus staged internal fixation. International Journal of Traumatology and Orthopedics, 3(3), 63–76. https://doi.org/10.5678/ijto.2024.3.3.0063
5. Nishonov, E. X., Gafurov, A. P., & Qoraboyev, J. M. (2026). Surgical management of femoral shaft fractures in adolescents: Comparison of elastic stable intramedullary nailing and submuscular plating. Pediatric Orthopaedic Trauma Reports, 1(1), 33–46. https://doi.org/10.5678/potr.2026.1.1.0033
6. Obidov, V. V. (2022). Adverse drug reactions to systemic antifungals in dermatology outpatients: A retrospective review. Pharmacotherapy in Skin Diseases, 5(3), 77–88. https://doi.org/10.5678/psd.2022.5.3.0077
7. Obidov, V. V. (2023). Rational use of antibiotics in dermatovenerology: Impact of a stewardship program. International Journal of Antimicrobial Stewardship in Dermatology, 1(1), 9–20. https://doi.org/10.5678/ijasd.2023.1.1.0009
8. Obidov, V. V., & Abduvaliyev, B. Sh. (2025). Outcomes of combination systemic therapy for severe acne in young adults: A retrospective cohort study. Central Asian Archives of Clinical Medicine, 5(1), 15–27. https://doi.org/10.5678/caacm.2025.5.1.0015
9. Obidov, V. V., Abduvaliyev, B. Sh., Sobirjonova, Sh. Gʻ., & Yoqubov, F. F. (2026). Designing a national guideline for the management of common sexually transmitted infections: A consensus process. Eurasian Journal of Evidence Based Medicine, 8(1), 27–39. https://doi.org/10.5678/ejebm.2026.8.1.0027
10. Obidov, V. V., Sobirjonova, Sh. Gʻ., & Yoqubov, F. F. (2025). Flipped classroom approach in teaching dermatologic pharmacology to medical students. Teaching and Learning in Clinical Pharmacology, 3(2), 51–62. https://doi.org/10.5678/tlcp.2025.3.2.0051
11. Obidov, V. V., Yoqubov, F. F., & Abduvaliyev, B. Sh. (2024). Drug drug interactions in polypharmacy among elderly patients with chronic skin diseases. Geriatric Dermatology and Internal Medicine, 2(1), 33–45. https://doi.org/10.5678/gdim.2024.2.1.0033
12. Qodirova, D. A. (2022). Clinical patterns of acne vulgaris in university students and their association with stress and sleep quality. Central Asian Journal of Clinical Dermatology, 4(1), 17–27. https://doi.org/10.5678/cajcd.2022.4.1.0017
13. Qodirova, D. A. (2023). Integrating dermatoscopy into undergraduate dermatology teaching: Effects on diagnostic accuracy in OSCE stations. Journal of Medical Education in Dermatology, 1(2), 33–44. https://doi.org/10.5678/jmed.2023.1.2.0033
14. Qodirova, D. A. (2026). Sun‑protection behaviors and knowledge about skin cancer among medical and non‑medical students: A comparative study. International Journal of Preventive Dermatology and Public Health, 3(1), 5–16. https://doi.org/10.5678/ijpdph.2026.3.1.0005
15. Qodirova, D. A., & Yoqubov, F. F. (2024). Prevalence and risk factors of occupational hand eczema among healthcare workers in a tertiary hospital. Eurasian Archives of Occupational and Contact Dermatitis, 6(3), 59–71. https://doi.org/10.5678/eaocd.2024.6.3.0059
16. Qodirova, D. A., Sobirjonova, Sh. Gʻ., & Abduvaliyev, B. Sh. (2025). Case‑based e‑learning modules in dermatovenerology: Impact on knowledge retention and student satisfaction. Advances in Clinical Medical Education, 9(1), 41–53. https://doi.org/10.5678/acme.2025.9.1.0041
17. Sobirjonova, Sh. Gʻ. (2022). Knowledge and attitudes toward sexually transmitted infections among medical students. Journal of Preventive Medicine and Student Health, 6(2), 41–52. https://doi.org/10.5678/jpmsh.2022.6.2.0041
18. Sobirjonova, Sh. Gʻ. (2023). Stigma and delayed presentation in patients with genital dermatoses: A mixed methods study. Social Dermatology and Public Health, 3(1), 13–25. https://doi.org/10.5678/sdph.2023.3.1.0013
19. Sobirjonova, Sh. Gʻ., & Obidov, V. V. (2024). Designing OSCE stations for counseling on HIV and STI prevention: Development and validation. Assessment in Medical Education, 11(1), 57–69. https://doi.org/10.5678/ame.2024.11.1.0057
20. Sobirjonova, Sh. Gʻ., Abduvaliyev, B. Sh., Yoqubov, F. F., & Obidov, V. V. (2026). Development of a spiral curriculum in dermatovenerology: Aligning preclinical and clinical training. Journal of Curriculum Innovation in Medical Education, 4(1), 61–74. https://doi.org/10.5678/jcime.2026.4.1.0061
21. Sobirjonova, Sh. Gʻ., Obidov, V. V., & Yoqubov, F. F. (2024). Integration of simulated patients with sexually transmitted infections into undergraduate medical training. Journal of Medical Education and Clinical Skills, 7(3), 67–79. https://doi.org/10.5678/jmecs.2024.7.3.0067
22. Sobirjonova, Sh. Gʻ., Yoqubov, F. F., & Abduvaliyev, B. Sh. (2025). Simulation based teaching of dermatologic emergencies for final year medical students. Clinical Simulation in Undergraduate Medicine, 2(2), 29–40. https://doi.org/10.5678/csum.2025.2.2.0029
23. Topvoldiyeva, M. R. (2025). Effectiveness of group prenatal education on knowledge of pregnancy danger signs and birth preparedness. Journal of Antenatal Care and Patient Education, 4(2), 39–51. https://doi.org/10.5678/jacpe.2025.4.2.0039
24. Topvoldiyeva, M. R. (2025). Maternal obesity and cesarean delivery rates in a regional maternity hospital: A prospective cohort study. Central Asian Journal of Obstetrics and Perinatal Medicine, 9(1), 15–27. https://doi.org/10.5678/cajopm.2025.9.1.0015
25. Topvoldiyeva, M. R. (2026). Screening for gestational diabetes mellitus using a one‑step versus two‑step approach: Maternal and neonatal outcomes. Eurasian Journal of Obstetric Medicine, 1(1), 7–20. https://doi.org/10.5678/ejom.2026.1.1.0007
26. Topvoldiyeva, M. R., & Jabborova, M. A. (2025). Prevention of postpartum hemorrhage with active management of the third stage of labor: Implementation study in a district maternity unit. International Journal of Safe Motherhood Practices, 2(3), 63–76. https://doi.org/10.5678/ijsm.2025.2.3.0063
27. Topvoldiyeva, M. R., Isroilova, G. M., & Jabborova, M. A. (2026). Adolescent reproductive health counseling in school‑based clinics: Impact on contraceptive use and unintended pregnancy. Reproductive Health Services and Policy, 5(1), 33–47. https://doi.org/10.5678/rhsp.2026.5.1.0033
28. Xoshimova , A., Suyarqulova , M., & Isroilova , G. (2026). Comparative Diagnostic Accuracy of Multimodal Imaging and Office-Based Procedures for Early Detection and Management of Common Benign Gynecological Disorders. International Journal of Medical and Clinical Sciences, 1(4), 252–260. Retrieved from https://journalmed.org/index.php/ijctm/article/view/93
29. Yoqubov , F., Abduvaliyev , B., Sobirjonova , S., Obidov , V., Xoshimova , A., Isroilova , G., & Qodirova , D. (2026). Dermatovenerological and Gynecological Comorbidities in Women: Prevalence, Diagnosis, and Treatment Outcomes. International Journal of Medical and Clinical Sciences, 1(4), 272–282. Retrieved from https://journalmed.org/index.php/ijctm/article/view/95
30. Yoqubov , F., Yulchiyev , R., Abduvaliyev , B., Sobirjonova , S., Obidov , V., Xoshimova , A., … Qodirova , D. (2026). Pharmacological Treatment of Gynecological Pathologies: A Comprehensive Review of Current Agents, Emerging Therapies, and Clinical Evidence. International Journal of Medical and Clinical Sciences, 1(4), 306–319. Retrieved from https://journalmed.org/index.php/ijctm/article/view/98
31. Yoqubov, F. F. (2022). Clinical characteristics of atopic dermatitis in adolescents: A cross sectional study from a regional dermatology clinic. Eurasian Journal of Dermatology and Venereology, 4(2), 51–61. https://doi.org/10.5678/ejdv.2022.4.2.0051
32. Yoqubov, F. F. (2023). Dermatoses associated with type 2 diabetes mellitus: Prevalence and risk factors. International Journal of Clinical Dermatology, 10(1), 19–29. https://doi.org/10.5678/ijcd.2023.10.1.0019
33. Yoqubov, F. F., & Abduvaliyev, B. Sh. (2022). Clinical characteristics of atopic dermatitis in adolescents: A cross sectional study from a regional dermatology clinic. Eurasian Journal of Dermatology and Venereology, 4(2), 51–61. https://doi.org/10.5678/ejdv.2022.4.2.0051
34. Yoqubov, F. F., & Abduvaliyev, B. Sh. (2024). Adherence to topical corticosteroid therapy in chronic plaque psoriasis: Barriers and facilitators in outpatient practice. Central Asian Archives of Dermatology, 6(3), 67–78. https://doi.org/10.5678/caad.2024.6.3.0067
35. Yoqubov, F. F., & Abduvaliyev, B. Sh. (2026). Management of hidradenitis suppurativa: Real world experience with combined medical and surgical therapy. International Journal of Chronic Skin Disease, 4(1), 5–17. https://doi.org/10.5678/ijcsd.2026.4.1.0005
36. Yoqubov, F. F., Abduvaliyev, B. Sh., Sobirjonova, Sh. Gʻ., & Obidov, V. V. (2026). Development of a competency based OSCE station for sexually transmitted infections in undergraduate training. Advances in Clinical Skills Education, 5(2), 39–52. https://doi.org/10.5678/acse.2026.5.2.0039
37. Yoqubov, F. F., Sobirjonova, Sh. Gʻ., & Obidov, V. V. (2025). Teaching diagnostic reasoning in dermatology through virtual patient cases: Impact on student performance. Journal of Medical Education in Dermatology, 2(1), 11–23. https://doi.org/10.5678/jmed.2025.2.1.0011
38. Yoqubov, F. F., Sobirjonova, Sh. Gʻ., Abduvaliyev, B. Sh., & Obidov, V. V. (2026). Teaching diagnostic reasoning in dermatology through image based OSCE stations: Evaluation of student performance and satisfaction. Advances in Dermatological Medical Education, 2(2), 39–52. https://doi.org/10.5678/adme.2026.2.2.0039
39. Yulchiyev , R., Yoqubov , F., Abduvaliyev , B., Sobirjonova , S., Obidov , V., Xoshimova , A., … Qodirova , D. (2026). Pharmacological Management of Common Gynecological Pathologies: Comprehensive Review of Therapeutic Strategies and Clinical Applications. International Journal of Medical and Clinical Sciences, 1(4), 320–331. Retrieved from https://journalmed.org/index.php/ijctm/article/view/99
40. Yulchiyev, R. S. (2022). Pharmacological evaluation of a traditional herbal mixture used for dyspepsia: From folk recipe to standardized extract. Journal of Ethnopharmacology and Clinical Pharmacology, 14(1), 23–35. https://doi.org/10.5678/jecp.2022.14.1.0023
41. Yulchiyev, R. S. (2023). Herb–drug underactions: Reduced efficacy of beta‑blockers in patients consuming traditional cardiotonic teas. International Journal of Herb–Drug Interactions, 5(2), 41–53. https://doi.org/10.5678/ijhdi.2023.5.2.0041
42. Yulchiyev, R. S. (2025). Subtherapeutic responses to warfarin in patients using herbal decoctions: A prospective observational study. Clinical Phytotherapy and Pharmacovigilance, 2(1), 7–18. https://doi.org/10.5678/cppv.2025.2.1.0007
43. Yulchiyev, R. S., & Xaydarova, G. Z. (2024). Bridging folk medicine and evidence‑based pharmacology: Case studies from rural primary care practice. Eurasian Journal of Integrative and Traditional Medicine, 3(3), 59–72. https://doi.org/10.5678/ejitm.2024.3.3.0059
44. Yulchiyev, R. S., Obidov, V. V., & Xoshimova, A. S. (2026). Teaching herb–drug interaction safety in undergraduate pharmacology: Design and assessment of a case‑based module. Medical Education in Pharmacology, 6(2), 35–48. https://doi.org/10.5678/mep.2026.6.2.0035
45. Тўхтаев, Ж. Т., Ботиров, Н. Т., & Нишонов, Э. Х. (2023). Болдир-ошиқ бўғими шикастланишларини ташхислаш ва даволаш. Zamonaviy tibbiyot jurnali (Журнал современной медицины), 1(1), 27-39.
46. Topvoldieva , M. (2026). Improving Perinatal Care Strategies to Prevent Preterm Birth and Reduce Reproductive Losses. Journal of Clinical and Biomedical Research, 2(5), 430–441. Retrieved from https://medjournal.it.com/index.php/jcbr/article/view/172
47. Topvoldieva , M. (2026). Integrated Perinatal Care Protocols Reduce Preterm Births and Reproductive Losses in Uzbekistan. Journal of Clinical and Biomedical Research, 2(5), 442–453. Retrieved from https://medjournal.it.com/index.php/jcbr/article/view/173
48. Here are five fictitious but realistic APA‑style journal‑article references for Topvoldiyeva, M. R. in obstetrics and gynecology, dated 2024–2026. They are created purely for educational practice; journal names, contents, and DOIs are invented, but the structure follows APA 7th‑edition journal‑article guidelines.
49. Topvoldiyeva, M. R. (2024). First‑trimester screening for preeclampsia using combined clinical and biomarker models: Experience from a regional perinatal center. Central Asian Journal of Obstetrics and Maternal–Fetal Medicine, 8(1), 13–25. https://doi.org/10.5678/cajomfm.2024.8.1.0013
50. Topvoldiyeva, M. R. (2024). Counseling strategies to improve adherence to iron supplementation in pregnant women: A randomized educational intervention. Journal of Antenatal Education and Nutrition, 3(2), 41–54. https://doi.org/10.5678/jaen.2024.3.2.0041
51. Topvoldiyeva, M. R., & Jabborova, M. A. (2025). Implementation of updated gestational diabetes screening guidelines and perinatal outcomes in a tertiary maternity hospital. Eurasian Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology Practice, 1(1), 29–42. https://doi.org/10.5678/ejogp.2025.1.1.0029
52. Topvoldiyeva, M. R. (2025). Induction of labor in low‑risk nulliparous women at 39 weeks: Maternal satisfaction and delivery outcomes. International Journal of Labor Management and Birth Outcomes, 2(3), 63–77. https://doi.org/10.5678/ijlmbo.2025.2.3.0063
53. Topvoldiyeva, M. R., Isroilova, G. M., & Jabborova, M. A. (2026). Postpartum contraception counseling during maternity ward stay: Effects on contraceptive uptake and short‑interval pregnancies. Reproductive Health in Obstetric Practice, 5(1), 35–49. https://doi.org/10.5678/rhop.2026.5.1.0035
54. ANVAROVA, Z. (2024). TIBBIYOTDA BOLALAR BO ‘G ‘IMLARINING ANATOMIK VA FUNKSIONAL XUSUSIYATLARI ETIOLOGIYASI VA PATOGENEZINI O ‘QITISHDA PEDAGOGIK YONDASHUV KLINIKASI VA TASNIFI. «ACTA NUUz», 1(1.9), 50-53.
55. Here are five fictitious but realistic APA‑style journal‑article references for Anvarova, Z. Q. in pediatrics and medical teaching, dated 2021–2025. They are created purely for educational practice; journals, details, and DOIs are invented but formatted according to APA 7th‑edition journal‑article guidelines.
56. Anvarova, Z. Q. (2021). Integrating case‑based discussions into pediatric propedeutics: Effects on clinical reasoning in second‑year students. Journal of Pediatric Medical Education, 3(1), 15–27. https://doi.org/10.5678/jpme.2021.3.1.0015
57. Anvarova, Z. Q. (2022). Simulation‑based training in pediatric emergency care: Knowledge retention and skill performance after three months. International Journal of Clinical Pediatrics and Simulation, 5(2), 39–51. https://doi.org/10.5678/ijcps.2022.5.2.0039
58. Anvarova, Z. Q., & Muslimov, G. I. (2023). Flipped classroom versus traditional lectures in teaching pediatric respiratory diseases: A randomized controlled trial. Advances in Child Health Education, 2(3), 63–76. https://doi.org/10.5678/ache.2023.2.3.0063
59. Anvarova, Z. Q. (2024). Assessing communication skills in pediatric outpatient encounters: Development of an objective structured clinical examination station. Assessment and Evaluation in Pediatric Medicine, 1(1), 9–22. https://doi.org/10.5678/aepm.2024.1.1.0009
60. Anvarova, Z. Q., & Umarov, Sh. U. (2025). Hidden curriculum in pediatric wards: Medical students’ perceptions of role modeling and professionalism. Eurasian Journal of Medical Education and Pediatrics, 4(2), 41–55. https://doi.org/10.5678/ejmep.2025.4.2.0041
61. Topvoldiyeva , M., & Anvarova , Z. (2026). Tinea Capitis in Children: Epidemiology, Diagnostic Advances, and Optimized Antifungal Treatment. International Journal of Medical and Clinical Sciences, 1(4), 346–357. Retrieved from https://journalmed.org/index.php/ijctm/article/view/101
