Pharmacological Treatment of Gynecological Pathologies: A Comprehensive Review of Current Agents, Emerging Therapies, and Clinical Evidence
Keywords:
gynecological pathologies, pharmacotherapy, GnRH antagonists, PARP inhibitors, immune checkpoint inhibitors, endometriosis; uterine fibroids, PCOSAbstract
Gynecological pathologies—including endometriosis, uterine fibroids, polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS), and gynecological malignancies—collectively impose an enormous burden on women's health worldwide. Pharmacological management has advanced considerably over the past decade, driven by the introduction of oral gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) antagonists, selective progesterone receptor modulators, targeted biologics, immune checkpoint inhibitors, and poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP) inhibitors. This comprehensive review synthesizes current evidence on pharmacological treatment across the spectrum of gynecological conditions, evaluating mechanisms of action, clinical efficacy, safety profiles, and regulatory status. Landmark trials such as SPIRIT 1&2, RUBY, NRG-GY018, PRIMA, and KEYNOTE-A18 have redefined first-line treatment standards in recent years. Individualization of therapy, biomarker-guided drug selection, and combination strategies represent the evolving frontiers. This review provides clinicians with an integrated, evidence-based framework for selecting optimal pharmacological agents in gynecological practice.
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