Adenotonsillectomy in Pediatric Obstructive Sleep Apnea: Current Evidence and Future Directions
Keywords:
pediatric, obstructive sleep apnea, adenotonsillectomy, otorhinolaryngology, polysomnography, outcomes, residual disease, growthAbstract
Pediatric obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) is a prevalent and underdiagnosed condition with important implications for growth, neurocognition, and cardiometabolic health. Adenotonsillar hypertrophy is the leading anatomical substrate in otherwise healthy children, making adenotonsillectomy the cornerstone of surgical management. Recent evidence demonstrates that adenotonsillectomy significantly improves polysomnographic indices, symptoms, and quality of life, but residual disease remains common, especially in severe OSA, obesity, and syndromic populations.,, This narrative review summarizes current concepts in the epidemiology, pathophysiology, diagnosis, and treatment of pediatric OSA with emphasis on surgical outcomes and long‑term follow‑up.,,, It also contrasts adenotonsillectomy with conservative and adjunctive therapies, and highlights research gaps relevant for otorhinolaryngologists.
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