Complications of Otorhinolaryngology Procedures in Teenagers: A Comprehensive Review of Incidence, Management, and Prevention Strategies
Keywords:
otorhinolaryngology, adolescent, postoperative complications, tonsillectomy, functional endoscopic sinus surgery, septoplasty, perioperative managementAbstract
Otorhinolaryngology (ENT) procedures constitute the most frequently performed surgical interventions in the adolescent population, encompassing tonsillectomy, adenoidectomy, functional endoscopic sinus surgery (FESS), tympanostomy tube placement, septoplasty, and rhinoplasty. While generally considered safe and effective, these procedures carry procedure-specific complication profiles that differ meaningfully in teenagers compared with younger children and adults due to ongoing craniofacial development, immunological transitions, and behavioral factors. Post-operative hemorrhage remains the leading complication of tonsillectomy in adolescents, with rates up to 5.2%, particularly pronounced in those aged twelve years and older. Orbital and intracranial complications following sinusitis and FESS, acute mastoiditis after otitis media, velopharyngeal insufficiency following adenoidectomy, and septal hematoma after septoplasty represent further significant risks. The post-COVID-19 period has notably increased complication incidence due to immunological gap. This review synthesizes current evidence on complication profiles, management pathways, and preventive strategies for ENT procedures in teenagers, aiming to guide clinicians in optimizing perioperative care for this age group.
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