Advanced Microbiology Approaches for Antiviral Therapy and Public Health Surveillance: Integrating Molecular Tools, Therapeutics, and Real‑Time Monitoring
Keywords:
antiviral, surveillance, genomics, wastewater, monoclonal, mRNA, microbiology, outbreak, preparednessAbstract
Rapid advances in microbiology over the last decade have transformed antiviral therapy and public health surveillance, particularly in the wake of the COVID‑19 pandemic. This narrative review synthesizes developments in molecular and genomic diagnostics, next‑generation antiviral strategies, and innovative surveillance architectures, including genomic, wastewater, and digital systems. Recent work highlights the role of high‑throughput sequencing, bioinformatics, and molecular assays in accelerating pathogen identification and drug development, while targeted small molecules, monoclonal antibodies, nucleic acid–based vaccines, and host‑directed agents expand the therapeutic armamentarium. Concurrently, integrated surveillance frameworks linking clinical microbiology, sentinel networks, and novel data streams have strengthened early outbreak detection and response. Pie‑chart based descriptive statistics are used to illustrate the proportional contributions of major antiviral and surveillance modalities. A concise methods section outlines the literature search strategy and data abstraction.
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