Le Fort Fractures in Modern Trauma Care: Mechanisms, Management, and Future Perspectives
Keywords:
Le Fort fractures, midface trauma, CT imaging, open reduction, internal fixation, craniofacial surgery, fracture classificationAbstract
Le Fort fractures are canonical midfacial fracture patterns defined by separation of the midface from the cranial base, but contemporary high‑energy trauma and advanced CT imaging have revealed far more complex and heterogeneous disruptions than those originally described. This review outlines classic mechanisms and patterns of Le Fort I–III fractures, summarizes evolving epidemiology and CT-based diagnostic strategies, and discusses current principles of operative and non‑operative management, including sequencing, fixation, and multidisciplinary care. Emerging trends, such as buttress‑based classifications, 3‑D planning, virtual surgical simulation, and patient‑specific implants, are highlighted as potential solutions to the limitations of the traditional Le Fort system. Future perspectives emphasize integration of quantitative imaging, objective occlusal analysis, and outcome‑driven classification schemes to better guide individualized treatment.
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