Surgical Complications: Prevention, Treatment, and Strategies to Improve Outcome and Recovery
Keywords:
surgical, treatment, prevention, complications, improve, outcome, recoveryAbstract
Surgery is a cornerstone of modern medicine, but postoperative complications remain a principal threat to patient safety and recovery. Globally, more than 310 million major surgeries are performed each year, with an estimated 1–4% mortality rate, up to 15% serious postoperative morbidity, and 5–15% readmission within 30 days. Against this backdrop, the last five years have witnessed measurable improvements: in the first quarter of 2024, hospitalized surgical patients were nearly 20% more likely to survive than expected compared to pre-pandemic 2019 baseline data. This article reviews the current evidence on surgical complications — their prevention, treatment, and the strategies most effective in improving outcome and accelerating recovery — with a focused comparison of minimally invasive surgery (MIS) and open surgical approaches using data published from 2020 to 2025.
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