Histologic Morphology and Surgical Outcomes in Gynecologic Malignancies: Implications for Operative Strategy and Prognosis
Keywords:
gynecologic oncology, histologic morphology, endometrial cancer, ovarian carcinoma, FIGO staging, cytoreductive surgeryAbstract
Background: Morphologic and histologic features of gynecologic cancers strongly influence staging, surgical planning, and prognosis. Methods: This narrative review synthesizes recent evidence on how histologic type and related morphologic parameters affect surgical decision‑making and outcomes in endometrial, ovarian, and cervical cancers, with reference to updated staging systems and large cohort analyses. Results: Low‑grade endometrioid endometrial carcinoma and type I epithelial ovarian tumors typically present at earlier stages and have more favorable surgical outcomes, while high‑grade serous, clear cell, serous‑like endometrial, and type II ovarian tumors exhibit more aggressive patterns, higher residual disease rates, and poorer survival. Integration of histology and molecular classification into FIGO 2023 endometrial cancer staging refines risk stratification and guides the extent of surgery and adjuvant therapy. Conclusions: Detailed morphologic and histologic assessment is central to modern gynecologic oncologic surgery, shaping the operative approach, extent of staging, and expected prognosis, and should be combined with emerging molecular markers for optimized individualized care.
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